Investments

EUR million

	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013 (carve-out)
Cash flow provided by operating activities	532	295	284	291	246	78	236	-43
Gross capital expenditure, excluding acquisitions	89	-79	-79	-66	-60	-44	-46	-54
of which share of maintenance investments, %	36%	77 %	47 %	56%	67%	82%	80%	76%
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets	1	6	6	2	2	3	4	4
Business combinations, net of cash acquired and loan repayments	-48	-163	-2	-	-	-323	-	-3
Cash flow after investments	-60	58	208	227	188	-287	-194	-97